Since many ancient dates are ambiguous, we have prepared this document based on approximate dates. Also, the dates are written based on the year in which any event began.
| Prehistory | Ancient history |
Prehistory
| Era | Country | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 6 million years ago | Africa | The Birth of Humans Walking Upright |
| 4.5 million years ago | Africa | Emergence of Ramidus Ape Man |
| 4 million years ago | Africa | Emergence of Australopithecus (ape man) |
| 2.4 million years ago | Africa | Emergence of Homo habilis |
| 2 million years ago | Africa | Beginning of the Paleolithic Era |
| 1.8 million years ago | Asia | Emergence of Homo erectus (proto-human) |
| 1.8 million years ago | Indonesia | Emergence of Javanese proto-humans |
| 780,000 years ago | China | Emergence of Peking Man |
| 600,000 years ago | Germany | Emergence of Homo heidelbergensis (Old Man) |
| 400,000 years ago | Germany | Neanderthals spread |
| 200,000 years ago | Africa | Emergence of Homo sapiens (newcomers) |
| 40,000 years ago | France | Emergence of Cro-magnon man Cave murals are created. |
| 18,000 years ago | America | Crossing the Bering Strait and arriving in the Americas |
Ancient history
| Era | Country | Event |
|---|---|---|
| BC3000～ | Iraq | Birth of Mesopotamian civilization Sumerians built city-states |
| BC3000～ | China | The Birth of Chinese Civilization |
| BC3000～ | Egypt | Birth of Egyptian Civilization |
| BC3000～ | Greece | Birth of Aegean Civilization |
| BC2530 | Egypt | King Khufu and others build pyramids |
| BC2500～ | India | Birth of the Indus Civilization |
| BC2300 | India | Urban civilizations such as Mohenjo-daro flourish |
| BC2000～ | Greece | Birth of Minoan civilization |
| BC1900～ | Iraq | Birth of the Old Babylonian Empire |
| BC1792 | Iraq | Enactment of the Code of Hammurabi |
| BC1680～ | Turkey | Birth of the Hittite Kingdom |
| BC1600 | China | Birth of the Yin (Shang) Dynasty |
| BC1450～ | Greece | Birth of Mycenaean Civilization |
| BC1342～ | Egypt | Tutankhamun era |
| BC1300～ | India | Establishment of Brahmanism |
| BC1200 | Iraq | Assyrian Empire captures Babylon |
| BC1200 | Israel | Exodus by Moses |
| BC1200 | Greece | Trojan War |
| BC1200 | Syria | Alphabet Practical Use by the Phoenicians |
| BC1200～ | America | Birth of the Olmec Civilization |
| BC1200～ | Greece | Dark Ages of Ancient Greece |
| BC1046～ | China | Birth of the Zhou Dynasty |
| BC1021～ | Israel | Birth of the Kingdom of Israel |
| BC1000 | Israel | King David enthroned |
| BC1000 | India | Aryans move to the Ganges |
| BC1000～ | America | Birth of Andean civilization |
| BC960 | Israel | King Solomon takes the throne |
| BC814 | Tunisia | Building the city-state of Carthage |
| BC800 | Greece | Athens city-state construction |
| BC800 | Greece | Homer's Iliad and Odyssey |
| BC776 | Greece | Ancient Olympics |
| BC770～ | China | Spring and Autumn period |
| BC753 | Italy | Founding of Rome (Legend) |
| BC722 | China | Beginning of the description of Shunju |
| BC700 | Greece | Hesiod's "Work and Day" |
| BC668 | Iraq | Ashurbanipal ascends to the throne |
| BC667 | Turkey | City of Byzantium construction |
| BC651 | China | Duke Huan of Qi becomes the ruler |
| BC637 | China | Duke Xiang of Song is defeated by Chu |
| BC632 | China | Duke Wen of Jin becomes the hegemon |
| BC625～ | Iraq | Neo-Babylonian Empire |
| BC624 | China | Duke Mu of Qin becomes the ruler |
| BC621 | Greece | Drakon's Legislation |
| BC612 | Iraq | Battle of Nineveh |
| BC605 | Iraq | Reign of Nebuchadnezzar II |
| BC597 | China | The King of Chu of Chu becomes the hegemon |
| BC594 | Greece | Solon's reforms |
| BC586 | Iraq | Babylonian Captivity |
| BC586 | Israel | Establishment of Judaism |
| BC585 | Greece | Thales predicts an eclipse |
| BC561 | Greece | Beginning of tyranny |
| BC552 | China | Birth of Confucius |
| BC559 | Iran | Cyrus the Great ascends to the throne |
| BC550～ | Iran | Achaemenid Empire period
Persians believe in Zoroastrianism |
| BC549 | India | Birth of Mahavira, founder of Jainism |
| BC525 | Iran | Cambyses II unites the Orient |
| BC522 | Iran | Darius the Great ascends the throne |
| BC509 | Italy | Roman Republic |
| BC508 | Greece | Political Reform of Ostracism |
| BC500 | India | Shakyamuni founded Buddhism |
| BC500 | Nomads | Scythian heyday |
| BC500 | India | Kosala merges with Magadha |
| BC500 | India | Establishment of the Upanishads |
| BC499～ | Greece, Iran | Greco-Persian Wars begins |
| BC494 | Italy | Tribunal installed in Rome |
| BC490 | Greece, Iran | Battle of Marathon |
| BC480 | Greece, Iran | Leonidas I died at the Battle of Thermopylae |
| BC480 | Greece, Iran | Themistocles in action at the Battle of Salamis |
| BC479 | Greece, Iran | Battle of Plataea |
| BC478 | Greece, Iran | Formation of the Delos Alliance |
| BC473 | China | Husari is defeated by the imperial rule and Wu is ruined |
| BC470 | China | Birth of Sumiko |
| BC450 | Italy | Establishment of the Twelve Tables |
| BC444 | Greece | The Age of Pericles (Democracy at its peak in Athens) |
| BC438 | Greece | Parthenon completed |
| BC431 | Greece | Peloponnesian War begins |
| BC429 | Greece | Start of mob politics |
| BC411 | Greece | Aristophanes' "Women's Peace" performance |
| BC400 | Vietnam | Birth of Dongsung Culture |
| BC403 | China | Sengoku period begins
Sengoku Nanao Appears |
| BC400 | China | The activity of Moroko Hyakuke is the most active |
| BC399 | Greece | Death of Socrates |
| BC387 | Greece | Plato opens the Academy |
| BC372 | China | Birth of Mencius |
| BC343 | Italy | サムニウム戦争開始 |
| BC338 | Greece | フィリッポス2世がカイロネイアの戦いで勝利 |
| BC337 | Greece | コリントス同盟結成 |
| BC334 | Greece | アレクサンドロス3世が東方遠征を開始
グラニコス川の戦い |
| BC333 | Turkey | イッソスの戦い |
| BC332 | Egypt | アレクサンドリアの建設 |
| BC323 | Greece | ディアドコイ戦争開始 |
| BC317 | India | マウリヤ朝成立 |
| BC313 | China | 荀子誕生 |
| BC312 | Italy | アッピア街道の建設開始 |
| BC312 | Syria | セレウコス朝が成立 |
| BC304 | Egypt | プトレマイオス朝が成立 |
| BC300～ | Japan | 弥生時代 |
| BC287 | Italy | ホルテンシウス法の制定 |
| BC280～ | Italy | ピュロス戦争開始 |
| BC276 | Greece | アンティゴノス朝建国 |
| BC268 | India | マウリヤ朝アショーカ王の即位 |
| BC264～ | Italy | ポエニ戦争開始 |
| BC255 | Central Asia | バクトリアの成立 |
| BC247 | China | 秦の始皇帝が即位 |
| BC247 | Iran | アルサケス朝パルティア誕生 |
| BC230 | India | サータヴァーハナ朝の建国 |
| BC221 | China | 秦の始皇帝が中国を統一 |
| BC216 | Italy | カンナエの戦いでハンニバルが勝利 |
| BC215～ | Italy | マケドニア戦争開始 |
| BC215 | China | 始皇帝が蒙恬を匈奴に派遣 |
| BC214 | China | 万里の長城の建設 |
| BC213 | China | 秦の始皇帝が焚書・坑儒を行う |
| BC212 | Italy | ローマ軍がシラクサ攻撃（アルキメデスが戦死） |
| BC209 | Mongolia | 匈奴の冒頓単于が即位 |
| BC206 | China | 劉邦と項羽の楚漢戦争開始 |
| BC203 | China | 南越国の自立 |
| BC202 | China | 垓下の戦い
劉邦（高祖）が前漢を建立 郡国制を採用 |
| BC202 | アフリカ | ザマの戦いでスキピオ指揮のローマ軍が勝利 |
| BC200 | 中央アジア | バクトリアが北西インドに侵入 |
| BC196 | エジプト | ロゼッタ・ストーンが作成される
→神聖文字（ヒエログリフ） |
| BC195 | 韓国 | 衛満が衛氏朝鮮を建国 |
| BC155 | インド | メナンドロス1世が即位 |
| BC154 | China | 呉楚七国の乱 |
| BC142 | イスラエル | ハスモン朝の自立 |
| BC141 | China | 前漢の武帝が即位 |
| BC139 | China | 前漢の張騫が大月氏に派遣される（バクトリア滅亡説） |
| BC136 | China | 五経博士を設置 |
| BC133～ | イタリア | グラックス兄弟による改革開始（内乱の一世紀） |
| BC127 | China | 将軍衛青により匈奴討伐が開始 |
| BC119 | China | 将軍霍去病が匈奴を討つ
張騫を烏孫に派遣 |
| BC118 | China | 五銖銭を発行 |
| BC115 | China | 均輸法の発布 |
| BC110 | China | 平準法の実施 |
| BC108 | China | 楽浪郡など朝鮮４郡を設置 |
| BC107 | イタリア | マリウスの軍制改革 |
| BC104 | China | 大宛（フェルガナ）への遠征開始 |
| BC91 | China | 司馬遷が『史記』を完成させる |
| BC90 | イタリア | 同盟市戦争 |
| BC82 | イタリア | スッラが独裁官となる |
| BC73～ | ヨーロッパ | トラキア出身の剣奴スパルタクスによる大奴隷反乱
（スパルタクスの反乱） |
| BC63 | イタリア | キケロが執政官に就任 |
| BC60 | China | 匈奴の内紛（東西分裂） |
| BC60～ | イタリア | ポンペイウス・カエサル・クラッススによる第１回三頭政治 |
| BC59 | China | 前漢が西域都護を設置 |