Babylon, the central city of Babylonia.
It is still famous today as the city represented in the "Old Testament".
When you think of Mesopotamian civilization, it will be Babylonia!
So much so that it can be said that there are,
- Old Babylonia
- Middle Babylonia
- Neo Babylonia
The Babylonian civilization is divided into three periods.
Who finally destroyed the "Old Babylonians," the beginning of Babylonian history?
What is Old Babylonia?
The extent of Babylonia was the area around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in modern-day southern Iraq.
Water makes it easy for crops to grow, so I guess civilization can easily develop in an area where two canals are nearby.
In an article about Sumer,
The Babylonians ruled the Sumerian region, and agriculture flourished in Sumer.
I wrote so.
If you are interested in such an article about Sumer,
What is Sumer? Summarizing the Sumerian history!
The Sumerian civilization appears at the very beginning of Mesopotamian civilization. Who is "Anunnaki"? Let's check the history!
Please read this article.
The Babylonians ruled Sumer, where agriculture was well developed, so of course agriculture was well developed in Babylonia.
They also had a wide trade network in the Middle East and used writing.
History of Old Babylonia until its destruction
Here is a brief summary of the history of Old Babylonia from its establishment to its demise.
Who were the peoples who destroyed Old Babylonia?
The Beginning of Old Babylonia
The period from the fall of the city-states called Ur to the fall of the first Babylonian dynasty is known as the "Old Babylonian period".
After the fall of the Ur Dynasty, a people called the Amurites said that
We will be number one in this region!
and established many dynasties throughout Mesopotamia.
Among the Amurites, the two most powerful cities were Isin and Larsa.
These two cities repeatedly struggled for power.
In the meantime, Babylon was steadily gaining power.
Until the beginning of the Isin-Larsa period, Babylon was just a provincial city.
However, after a king named Hammurabi ascended to the throne
I will make Babylon a famous city.
And that's when things started to change.
However, it was still an obscure city when he first ascended the throne.
The Age of King Hammurabi
At the time of his accession to the throne, Hammurabi was under the rule of a powerful royal power in northern Mesopotamia.
His name was Shamshi Adad I.
He was a monarch of considerable and enormous power, and his name in the years following his death was
People Images
The year of Shamshi Adad I's death
In addition, it was even said that
No other king has ever been so powerful.
After his death, the Warring States Period began.
Image of the king of Mesopotamia (Babylonia)
Okay, Babylon is now number one!
In a long-term battle, Hammurabi was the one who rose to the top.
He is one of the most famous people in history textbooks.
This is because he had the famous Code of Hammurabi, "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth," made.
If you want to know more about the contents of the Code of Hammurabi
The law Code of Hammurabi summary and history
The Code of Hammurabi is said to be a strict code created during the Babylonian period of Mesopotamian civilization, but what is it really about?
Please read this article.
Invasion of the Hittite Kings
After Hammurabi's death, the kings of the First Dynasty of Babylon had to deal with rebellions and foreign invasions for a long time.
For some reason, the specific circumstances of this dynasty's collapse become more difficult to grasp as time went on.
The weakened first dynasty of Babylon was suddenly attacked by a Hittite king who had ridden into Babylonia on horseback during the reign of its last king, which led to its destruction.
The reason for this Hittite expedition is not well understood.
Also, after destroying the city of Babylon and gaining the spoils of war, the Hittite king said that
Okay, let's pull it up!
and pulled out of Babylon without occupying it.
The Hittites left no record of their attempt to establish a huge kingdom that included Babylonia, and the Babylonians also left only a brief record.
The fall of the first Babylonian dynasty still holds many mysteries.
Which people did they destroy?
This is where the story gets complicated.
Since the Hittite occupation of Babylon was only temporary, Babylonia was left without a king.
People image
Hehe, we're going to rule Babylon!
and the Kassites took over.
In other words, it was the Hittites who defeated the first Babylonian dynasty, but it was the Kassites who ruled for the next 400 years.
So, the correct answer for the people who destroyed the ancient Babylonian kingdom is Hittites.
The Hittite are also a famous city-state in the Mesopotamian civilization.
If you want to know more about the history of the Hittite,
Hittites history and features of their culture
Hittite in Mesopotamia is famous for iron. It suddenly disappeared in the attacks of the people of the sea. Who was the people of the sea?
Please refer to this article for more information.
After that, Babylonia entered the "Middle Babylonian" period, which was not a very remarkable period in history.
Then, the final New Babylonian period begins.
If you want to know more about the New Babylonian Empire,
What is the Neo-Babylonian Empire history?
Neo-Babylonian Empire is in its heyday during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II. Explain easy-to-understand the history from its birth to its fall!
Please read the article here.
The most active king of this era was Nebuchadnezzar II.
If you want to know more about Nebuchadnezzar II,
What is Nebuchadnezzar II famous for?
Nebuchadnezzar II who was the most famous king of Neo-Babylonian Empire carried out the Babylonian Captivity and so on. What kind of person was he?
Please read this article as well.
There are many more histories of Mesopotamian civilization.
If you want to know more about the history of Mesopotamian civilization,
6 features of Mesopotamian civilization summary
The Mesopotamian civilization is considered the oldest in the world. I explain the flow of history and the characteristics of the civilization!
Please read this article as well.